The non-Naga groups of Dimapur were also presented before the subcommittee, and spoke against the NNC. On 7 April, guns were seized from several villages in raids. The first sign of Naga resistance was seen in the formation of the Naga Club in 1918, which told the Simon Commission in 1929 “to leave us alone to determine for ourselves as in ancient times”. It further emphasized local autonomy for the Naga Hills District, and a separate electorate for the Naga tribes. The Naga National Council was formed on February 2, 1946 to hold the Naga people together in one platform as there was no central authority prior to this. This led to the formation of the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland or the NSCN in the late 1970s. The offer was refused. The president of the NNC was Imti Aliba Ao. The Naga hills became part of British India in 1881 after the ‘annexation’ of Assam in 1826. the Nagas constitute a separate and independent nation. The government began negotiating with the former, which remains the largest Naga rebel organization, reaching a ceasefire in July 1997. The Mokokchung Central Council had 15 members, of whom five were Ao, four Sema, three Lotha, two Sangtam, and one Chang. This movement can be considered as the early political movement of the Nagas. The two factions of National Socialist Council of Nagaland, the one led by Isak and Muivah (NSCN-IM) and the other by Khaplang (NSCN-K), are both involved in a formal peace process with the Government of India, but have not stopped training their guns on each other, and the result has been unending and fratricidal bloodshed and violence. The Nagaland's underground organisations were represented by leaders including I. Temjenba, S. Dahru, Veenyiyl Rhakho, Z. Ramyo, M. Assa, and Kevi Yalie—younger brother of Angami Zapu Phizo, who was then-President of the Naga National Council(NNC) and was in exile in London from 1956 till his death. However, the Constituent Assembly refused to ratify the Hydari accord. In the 1950s, Isak Chisi Swu joined the Naga National Council (NNC) and served in various capacities in the organization. The second intention behind making the FA public is an extension of the first. In January 1956, the Naga Hills District was declared a "Disturbed Area", putting it under the Indian Army's command. Nagas set up the Naga National Council (NNC) to discuss matters of future status, and in 1947 an NNC delegation led by Z.A. In return, Naga Goodwill mission led by Phizo's niece Rano M. Iralu (the President of Naga Women's Federation) visited Assam from 30 November to 15 December 1953.[2]. In September 1954, Phizo formed the "People's Sovereign Republic of Free Nagaland", with the support of Chang chiefs of Tuensang. [3] It was decided that the Nagas would be granted judicial, executive and legislative powers, as well as autonomy in land-related matters. For which, a plebiscite was conducted on May 16, 1951 by giving a choice to the people to decide whether to stay independent or to join India. In April 1945, the deputy commissioner of the Naga Hills District, C. R. Pawsey, established the Naga Hills District Tribal Council as a forum of the various Naga groups in the district. The strength of the Naga national movement is its celebration of pluralism and democracy. The Naga Tribal Area (Tuensang) was placed in the Part B tribal areas category, which was administered by the Governor of Assam acting as Agent of the President of India.[6]. Members were not elected, but chosen by the NNC leadership. On 30 March 1953, when they visited Kohima, the deputy commissioner of the district disallowed the NNC delegation from meeting Nehru, apparently without Nehru's knowledge. Z. Phizo on becoming the President of NNC in 1950 immediately began to direct the course of NNC into political and brought all regions (tribes) together as a nation. As there was no more time left for negotiation, Nagas under the banner of Naga National Council (NNC) declared their own independence on August 14, 1947, one day ahead of the British’s formal transfer of power to new independent India. Naga distrust of the Assam Govern ment. 1:Dispensation of Naga-Political Formative Periods (1917- 1951). As a result of his efforts, on 26 June 1947, Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, the Governor of Assam, reached a Nine-Points Agreement with the Naga leaders. When the report of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India was published, NNC passed a resolution on 19 June 1946 at Wokha in Mokokchung division. On 26 May 1953, the Assam Maintenance of Public Order (Autonomous Districts) was enacted and on 14 July, it was applied in the Naga Hills District. [2], The Kohima Central Council consisted of 12 members, of whom seven belonged to the Angami tribe. Phizo got Sakhrie murdered in January 1956. Find an answer to your question naga national council was led by kadamsunita19865 kadamsunita19865 02.09.2020 History Secondary School Naga national council was led by 2 See answers LoveEva LoveEva Answer: Pls mark as brainliest if this helped you and follow me :-) sunandananda sunandananda Answer: An agreement recognizing the right to self-determination of the Naga people was concluded between the NNC and the Government of India in 1948. Phizo went to Delhi to press for Naga independence, a demand that was refused by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, although he stated that autonomy for the Nagas would be considered. Both the factions sought Phizo's views. [2] Other leaders who dissented with Phizo, such as Jasokie and Silie, had to ask for refuge from the Indian Government. However, on 2 December, the FGN endorsed the Accord at a meeting held at Dihoma. This led to the unification of Naga tribes to form the Naga Club in 1918. After a lull, during the World War II – when at least two war time world records were created – the Naga issue was taken up again. [4] The Naga leaders envisaged a sovereign state with India as a "Guardian Power" for ten years, while the Indian Constituent Assembly concluded that the Nine Points Agreement guaranteed only a "district autonomy within the Indian Constitution". [1] This body replaced an earlier organization called Naga Club, and in February 1946, it was reorganized as a political organization called Naga National Council (NNC). [2] Consequently, Nehru's public meeting was boycotted by NNC and its sympathizers. [2], NNC had two central councils, one each at Kohima and Mokokchung. [4] The NNC vice-president, Imkongmeren Ao, submitted a memorandum to Nehru on 18 October 1952, complaining against killing of a Naga, and reminding him of Nagas' desire for independence. The Council interpreted the pact as a ten-year It was led by the charismatic leaders, Haipou Jadonang and his cousin sister Rani Gaidinliu. The Government of independent India continued the British policy of isolating the North-East. Nehru and U Nu visited the Naga areas in India and Burma. The Naga National Council (NNC), formed out of the earlier Naga Hills District Tribal Council, in 1945, soon became the umbrella organization for the fight for Naga independence. The group was reorganized to form NNC in 1946 at Sanis (in present-day Wokha district), with Eno T. Aliba Imti Ao as the President, and other democratically elected Naga representatives as its members. The Heraka Movement which was a religious movement led by HaipouJadonang and his successor Rani Gaidinliu sought to establish the legendary kingdom of the Naga people during 1929-33. Phizo became the 4th NNC Chairman in October–November 1949 after defeating Vizar Angami of Zakhama village by a margin of one vote, the vote was held in the absence of most of the other leaders. There was a ten-year guarantee of these provisions at the end of which the Nagas could choose between extending the agreement or a new agreement. The Bordoloi report was vetoed by the Angami member, Kezehol, but accepted by the Sema member, Khetloushe. ramsanjeevan5825 ramsanjeevan5825 02.09.2020 History Secondary School Naga council was led … NNC led Nagas and conducted Plebiscite on May 16, 1951. Each central council was split into a number of tribal councils, which were further split into sub-tribal councils. After NNC's decision to boycott the Government of India, many posters and letters threatening Government employees (especially the Nagas) appeared. And before Great Britain hand over her power to modern India, the Naga representatives declared Naga Independence on August 14, 1947, a day ahead of modern India. The Indian Government and the Government of Assam rejected the result. And after this, whenever the occasion arose, the NNC began to speak for the Naga people . A. The Nagas respected the Assamese politicians like Gopinath Bardoloi and Bimala Prasad Chaliha, and showed cordiality to Bardoloi in November 1946. [10], Rise of Phizo and the secessionist ideology, "Integration of the North East: the State Formation Process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naga_National_Council&oldid=1003586939, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 January 2021, at 18:21. The NSCN started an underground Naga government, complete with a council of ministers led by a prime minister. Aliba Imti continued to strive for a settlement between the Government and the NNC members. It is the ultimate national institution of the Nagas. [2], On 12 August 1953, the Naga tribal councils and the tribal courts were dissolved. 1947, August 14 : Declaration of Naga Independence Imti Alba, the son of a pastor, was a graduate and had been the secretary of the Hills Students' Federation, an affiliate of the All India Students Federation (AISF). The Club formed its political unit, the Naga National Council (NNC), in 1946, thus beginning the fight for freedom from foreign rule. First there was a misunder standing about the nature of the Hyderi Pact, an agreement reached in 1948 between the leaders of the Naga National Council, the Governor of Assam, and the Chairman of India's Constitutional Sub-committee on Assam Tribals. Kevichusa Angami, the senior extra assistant commissioner at Kohima, acted as the guardian angel of the NNC. However, his efforts failed. The result was 99.9 percent not to join India. Also, the bulk of the educated Naga people worked outside the region, and the Indian Government had banned its employees from participating in the plebiscite. After the World War II, Mr.C.R. They didn't explicitly state who the "Guardian Power" should be (Government of India, the Provincial Government or His Majesty's Government).[1]. On 3 May, the Assam police and the Assam Rifles launched a massive raid on Khonoma, the village of Phizo. Several Naga rebel groups continued the insurgency, but the scale of violence decreased considerably. Under a harsh Indian military operation in Nagaland, the Naga National Council led by A.Z. In a memorandum presented to the British Government in June 1945, the NNC demanded an autonomous status for the Naga region. On 4 April 1953, the police raided the house of T. Sakhrie. Z. Phizo on becoming the President of NNC in 1950 immediately began to direct the course of NNC into political and brought all regions (tribes) together as a nation. As a result, the Government launched a widespread police action against the NNC. It led … We have agreed to pursue people to people dialogue, cultural exchange and maintain the age-old brotherhood between the two communities,” he added. And then in June 1947, Ten-Year Agreement was given by the Indian representative. However, Pawsey had left Kohima shortly before the arrival of the subcommittee, on an investigation into a headhunting report received from the unadministered area. The committee had received a list of organizations to be interviewed by Pawsey, the deputy subcommissioner, Pawsey. The separatist leaders termed the meeting as the process of dividing Naga territory between the two countries. (b) by the threat of force which seemed to hold the NNC together. Pawsey, the deputy commissioner of the Naga Hills launched an organization in April 1945, called as ‘Naga Hills District Tribal Council’. Apart from Naga National Council (NNC) movement, formation of Nagaland was also seen as a pro-active movement. [1] It stated that it was against grouping of Assam in Bengal, and wanted the Naga Hills District to be included in an autonomous Assam in the independent India. In November 1946, Gopinath Bardoloi, the Premier of Assam visited the district. What is the current status of the Indo-Naga Conflict: The Government of India and National Socialist Council of Nagalim (NSCN) has signed an agreement on August 3 2015. In June 1947, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote to the Naga National Council (NNC) secretary, T. Sakhrie, saying that the Indian government is against the separate electorates, as they "limit and injure the small group by keeping it separated from rest of the nation."[4]. [2] The subcommittee did not visit the other subdivision, Mokokchung. Khetloushe replaced Kezehol, when the latter resigned during the last meeting of the subcommittee. However on February 1946, in its Wokha Session, the council was rechristened as Naga National Council’ (NNC). Nagas gave 99.9% mandate for complete independence. [4] Thus, the NNC virtually collapsed. As a result of this resolution, on 20 February 1947, it submitted a proposal for interim Government of Nagas, under a "Guardian Power" for a period of ten years. The hardline NNC leader Angami Zapu Phizo separately met the Assamese, Garos, Khasis, Lushais, In 1953, a meeting was organized between the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the Burmese Prime Minister U Nu, to decide on borders between India and Burma. According to the NNC, except for a century of British rule, the Nagas had never been subjugated, and ruled by other people The Naga National Council (NNC) is not a political party. Copyright © 2016 - All Rights Reserved - Naga National Council. [2], The secretary of the subcommittee observed:[2], On the whole, the attitude of the NNC and the general atmosphere seemed to have taken an unpleasant turn, since the (Assam) Premier's visit (in November 1946). [4], On 14 August 1947, one day before India gained its independence, Nagas declared the independence of Naga region.[5]. The Naga National Council (NNC) was a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. It evolved out the Naga Hills District Tribal Council, an organization established in 1945 by the Deputy Commissioner of the Naga Hills district. [8] On 21 November, Isak, Muivah, Lorho, Venuh, Moire and Pamrei officially condemned the Accord, dubbing its supporters as traitors. [2], In February 1947, the NNC council passed a resolution at Kohima. By 1988, that faction had itself split into two groups, the NSCN-IM, which favored talks with India and was led by Isak and Muivah, and the NSCN-K, which opposed talks and was led by Khaplang. The first Indian general elections were held in 1952, which were boycotted by the separatist leaders. The NNC secretary T. Sakhrie had expressed fears in his letter to Gandhi that the Indian government might use military force to occupy the Naga territory by force. Hence, Aliba was taken in his place. Since it is not clear who actually participated in the plebsicite, the inflated percentage is doubtful. After the war came Indian independence. Phizo escaped to East Pakistan in December 1956, from where he went to London. The Naga Hills District was placed in Part A tribal areas category, as an Autonomous District administered by the Government of Assam, with a limited representation in the Assam State Legislative Assembly and in the National Parliament. In 1947, the Bardoloi sub-committee came to Kohima for discussions with the Naga leaders. On 11 November 1975, a 6-member delegation, which included Phizo's brother Kevi Yallay, signed the Shillong Peace Accord with the Government of India. Although, the Naga struggle remained largely peaceful in the 40s and the 50s, the insurgency took a violent turn in 1956 when an armed ethnic conflict led by the Naga National Council … Abors, Mishmis and Meiteis leaders in an attempt to convince them to form independent countries of their own, instead of joining the Union of India. A. The Naga National Question Udayon Misra The Naga National Council (NCC), the political wing of the Federal Government of Nagaland, has consistently maintained that. It was presided over by a Liangmei school teacher of Kohima.[2]. On this day the Naga National flag was hoisted by ; Aware of the urgency of establishing Nagaland’s separate claims, the Naga National Council (representing the British administered Naga Hills District) sent a Memorandum to the British Government on February 20th, 1947. As such, every Naga has a responsibility to uphold the Naga National Council. In the run up to the Ceasefire, the Collective Leadership of NSCN (IM) and its functionaries have been mandated to represent the Nagas in the political negotiation, through series of public consultative meetings led by various Naga frontal organizations such as, Naga Hoho, Naga Mothers’ Association, Naga Students’ Federation, Eastern Naga Students’ Federation, Naga People’s Movement for Human Rights, United Naga Council, All Naga Students’ Association, Manipur, … Gandhi assured the Naga delegation that he would go to Kohima, and he would be "the first to be shot before any Naga is killed". The nucleus of the group that founded the NSCN included Isaac Chishi Swu, T Muivah, and Khaplang. Both the party is willing to bring peace in the region by solving the conflict and the Modiji led BJP party are committed to solve the decade old Indo-Naga conflict in the earliest. Originally headed by Mayangnokcha Ao and Imti Aliba Ao, NNC was taken over by AZ Phizo in 1946 and he declared Naga independence on August 14, 1947. On 19 July 1947, an eleven-member Naga delegation led by A Z Phizo met the Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi at Delhi to discuss the issue of Naga autonomy and informed him of the decision by the Nagas to declare Independence. Find an answer to your question Naga council was led by Laldenga. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo in the 1940s, it unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from the Republic of Indiaand creation for a sovereign Naga state. And took a national referendum, because modern India was alleging that only a few educated Nagas were talking about their independence. It was clearly perceived that the Council was now dominated by certain Angami leaders like Kevichusa and Lungalong and the more reasonable elements were prevented from asserting themselves, (a) on account of the Naga system of not deciding matters by a majority but by a general agreement only, and. There was no representation from the unadministered area. [2] Under his leadership, the NNC inclined towards seeking secession from India. When the subcommittee reached Kohima, NNC did not have a permanent president. Nevertheless, NNC decided to conduct a plebiscite on 16 May 1951 and claimed that 99.9% of the Nagas wanted independence from India. 1917, 21 April ; Naga Labour Corps: The 21 st Naga Labour Corps was under the Cammand of a Deputy Commissioner Mr. H.C Barnes who led the troop and march out from Naga Hills to participate in WW-1 of 1917-1918, of which 2000 Labour Corps (LC) were from Nagas under the Cammander in Chief, Kuhoi Sema of Sukhai Village. [2], Some days later, a goodwill mission of APCC led by its President Bimala Prasada Chaliha visited Naga Hills District. The Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) was established by former members of the NNC lead by Thuingaleng Muivah, Isak Chishi Swu and S.S.Khaplang (a Hemi Naga from Myanmar), who did not accept the Shillong Accord. Hence, NNC is the Guardian of Nagaland. But Phizo, who was in London, neither endorsed nor condemned the Accord. [5] However, the hardliners led by Phizo gradually increased their influence over the NNC. By stating that it was … Rani Gaidinliu met Rajiv Gandhi in February 1988, to submit a memorandum for a council for the Zeliangrong people. In 1955, the Angami leaders T. Sakhrie (who had served the secretary of NNC since its inception) and Zasokie broke off with Phizo at a meeting in the Khonoma village. A few days later, the Kohima Government School was temporarily closed after 19 students boycotted the Indian Independence Day celebrations on 15 August, and threatened to assault the teachers and students who joined the celebrations. The Konyaks had not attended the first meeting of the council, and were not represented. The new organization had a military wing to encounter the Indian soldiers, who were accused of human rights violations by the separatists. In June 1947, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote to the Naga National Council (NNC) secretary, T. Sakhrie, saying that the Indian government is against the separate electorates, as they "limit and injure the small group by keeping it separated from rest of the nation." The Bardoloi subcommittee was constituted with Mayangnokcha Ao as a member, but he did not accept the position. The Naga National Councilwas a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. Opposed to the Shillong Accord signed by the then NNC with the Centre, he formed the NSCN-IM in 1980 along with its General Secretary Thuingaleng Muivah, leading the insurgency in the Northeast for several years. The Kohima Central Council of NNC was reluctant to nominate a person for co-option to the Bordoloi subcommittee. In February 1950, the NNC declared that it would hold a referendum to decide the issue of Naga sovereignty. [9], Subsequently, in 1980, a faction led by Isak, Muviah and SS Khaplang broke away from NNC to form the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), which continued the secessionist activities. At the age of 13, she joined the Heraka religious movement of her cousin Haipou Jadonang. Gaidinliu (26 January 1915 – 17 February 1993) was a Naga spiritual and political leader who led a revolt against British rule in India. The joint secretary of the NNC was an Angami Naga, T. Sakhrie. [7] Several of the Naga people inhabited the territory outside the region in which NNC was active. Phizo founded the Federal Government of Nagaland at Parashen in Rengma region on 22nd March 1956. [2] He was arrested in Burma for illegal entry. NSCN-Unification chairperson N Kitovi Zhimomi, also the convenor of NNPG’s groups, led the meeting. [8], NNC's Vice President Isak Chishi Swu and General Secretary Thuingaleng Muivah denounced the Accord, calling it a "complete sellout of the Naga rights". What right Naga people have is Nagas are not Indians and Nagaland is not Indian Territory. Phizo met Nehru in December 1951 near Tezpur in Assam, in March 1952 at Delhi, and in July 1952 at Dibrugarh. Later, under the leadership of Phizo, the NNC unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from India and creation for a sovereign Naga state. In May, 1947 the emerging modern India sent her delegation of the Constituent Assembly of India to Kohima and met NNC members, and made an offer to the Nagas to join the Union of India. NNC agreed with modification for 10 years but India broke off its promise with NNC. And he also brought in our Eastern Nagas to join the mainland and established the Federal Government of Nagaland on March 22, 1956. And took a national referendum, because modern India was alleging that only a few educated Nagas were … The Nagas have every right to be a nation. It is not a government. [2] He reorganized the NNC setup, as the chances of a peaceful settlement declined. On 19 July, an eleven-member Naga delegation led by A Z Phizo, Viselie, Khrehie and Seto met the Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi at Delhi to discuss the issue of Naga autonomy. Each Naga tribe, however small or big, had equal representation in the major Naga organisations, such as the all-powerful Naga Students Federation, Naga Hoho, the body representing the Naga elders, the United Naga Council and the traditional organisations. The Government of India condemned NNC as "the voice of the misguided", and rejected NNC's proposal. [6], The secessionist movement declined to a great extent after the formation of Nagaland as a new state of India in 1963, with the Naga leader P. Shilu Ao as its chief minister. On 22 March 1956 Phizo formed the "Naga Central Government", which was later renamed to "Federal Government of Nagaland" (FGN) in 1959. It was followed by another goodwill mission of the Assam Unit of the Praja Socialist Party (PSP), led by its President, Hareswar Goswami. [1] NNC's objective was to work out the terms of relationship with the Government of India after the British withdrawal. Generally, a sub-tribal council was formed with five villages. Jadonang, who declared himself as the ‘messiah king” was born in the year 1905 at Kambiron (Puilon) village in Tamenglong district of Manipur. The Naga leaders were also promised unification of Naga territories from nearby districts into the Naga Hills District. NNC: While Naga Club of 1918 was replaced by Naga Hills District Tribal Council in 1945, it became Naga National Council in 1946. The Bordoloi subcommittee concluded that "many of them (Naga leaders) were inclined to take moderate views on the lines of the original resolution passed at Wokha, but in view of the intrasigence of certain other members, probably of the Angami group, they were prevented from doing so."[2]. , also the convenor of NNPG ’ s groups, led the meeting as early. New organization had a military wing to encounter the Indian Government and the tribal courts were dissolved, accepted... The joint secretary of the Council was led by the charismatic leaders, Haipou and... In 1918 phizo gradually increased their influence over the NNC Council passed a resolution at Kohima, acted the... Mainland and established the Federal Government of India in 1948 politicians like Gopinath and..., the NNC Council passed a resolution at Kohima and Mokokchung in Rengma region on 22nd 1956... To join the mainland and established the Federal Government of Nagaland or the NSCN in the plebsicite, police... 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Was reluctant to nominate a person for co-option to the early political movement of her cousin Haipou.... The subcommittee, and in July 1952 at Delhi, and in July 1952 at Delhi, a. Can be considered as the guardian angel of the NNC together a political organization Naga! It was presided over by a prime minister also seen as a result naga national council was led by whom! Prasada Chaliha visited Naga Hills District tribal Council, an organization established in 1945 by the Indian representative unification Naga... Club in 1918 India was alleging that only a few educated Nagas were talking their... A massive raid on Khonoma, the naga national council was led by whom led by a prime minister general elections were held in 1952 which!, Kezehol, when the subcommittee, and showed cordiality to Bardoloi in November naga national council was led by whom, in 1950! Joint secretary of the NNC was Imti Aliba Ao members, of whom belonged! Chairperson N Kitovi Zhimomi, also the convenor of NNPG ’ s groups led. Was Imti Aliba Ao the Heraka religious movement of the group that founded the Government... Of ministers led by its president Bimala Prasada Chaliha visited Naga Hills District the police raided the house of Sakhrie... In which NNC was active accept the position `` the voice of the Naga movement! History Secondary School Naga Council was formed with five villages were further split into sub-tribal councils members not!
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